How to Restore the Appearance of a 500 Year Old Floor by Devon Stone Restoration Expert

A customer in Tiverton uncovered this extremely aged and tired Blue Lias Limestone floor during renovation work. The floor was approximately 80m2 in size and they were keen for me to come and survey the large flagstones to find out if anything could be done to renovate it. They were keen to restore it, but really did not know where the start. The property in dated back to the 15th century and had a several period features that wanted to restore.

Blue Lias Stone is actually quarried in southern and western England including South Wales and has been used as a flooring and building material for over a century. These days you don’t come across it very often due to the large variety now available in the stone market.

 

I headed over to the property to take a look and it was immediately apparent the floor would need a great deal of work to fully restore it. I could see some of the flagstones had heavily flaking and shaling in places, others were so damaged they would need replacing and the whole floor would need re-pointing. In addition, with the floor being so large I could see if would take a significant amount of time to restore.

 

Deep Cleaning and Repairing a Blue Lias Limestone Floor

To reveal the true beauty of the Limestone I had to remove a thin layer of stone from the surface. This was done by cutting back the stone using a very coarse 100-grit milling pad fitted to a Viper rotary buffer machine that was heavily weighted. This method also flattens the surface of the stone removing any excessive shaling in the process. Once I had a cleaner stone to work with, I set to work removing old jointing which needed replacing and then removing a couple of the broken stones.

Fortunately, I had been able to source replacement stones which were a close match to the original before starting work. They were then bedded in and then pointed with the rest of the joints with a German product called VDW800.

The next step was to deep clean the whole floor, removing deep seated stains and any remaining dirt and grime. For this I decided to go with Tile Doctor Remove & Go which is a powerful cleaning and coatings remover. The product is sprayed onto the floor, left to soak in for then minutes and then scrubbed in using a black scrubbing pad fitted to the rotary buffer. Once done the soiling is removed using a high-pressure industrial cleaning system that is mounted in my van; it’s a powerful machine which jets water out at 1000psi and then simultaneously vacuums up the dirty water and debris leaving behind clean, bare stone. This keeps the mess made to a real minimum and ensures the tiles are cleaned efficiently. The process had to be repeated three times before I was satisfied the floor was clean after which is was left to dry out thoroughly before sealing.

 

Sealing a Lias Limestone Tiled Floor

After the floor had dried over the course of a few days, we returned to seal the floor. The first job was to use a damp meter to check the moisture levels in the stone and verify it was dry enough to seal. Damp can be a big issue with older properties with no damp proof membrane and the stone has been laid directly onto soil. Satisfied with the readings I was happy to go ahead with the sealing process.

The sealer used on this floor was Tile Doctor X-Tra Seal, it’s a fully breathable formula which will allow any moisture under the floor to be able to rise through the Limestone and not become trapped where it could cause long term problems. It’s also an impregnating sealer which basically means that it soaks into the stone thereby occupying the pores and preventing dirt from becoming ingrained there. Lastly X-Trea seal has an oil-based resin formula which really improves the structure and colour of the stone.

 

With the application of the fresh sealer the floor really came alive, and the 15th Century Blue Lias limestone floor was transformed. The customer was delighted with the renovation and could not believe how well the floor had come up I only wish I had remembered to take more photographs.

For aftercare cleaning I recommended the use of Tile Doctor Neutral Tile Cleaner, this is a mild tile and grout cleaner which is pH balanced, so it will ensure the integrity of the newly applied sealer and will keep the floor in top condition.

Source: Stone Restoration Expert in Devon

Cheshire Expert Details how to Renovate a Carpet Covered Quarry Tiled Floor

These photos are from a house in Cheadle Hulme where the owner wanted the 120-year-old quarry tiles in the dining room restored as an original feature. The tiles had been discovered when a carpet was removed and as well as being very dirty had been covered with a cement based self-levelling compound.

 

It’s not unusual to find tiles covered in self-levelling compound when a carpet or lino is fitted. It’s done to smooth out the grout depressions which otherwise would eventually show through. Fortunately, it can be removed however it does require a lot of work.

 

Removing Cement from a 120-Year-Old Quarry Tiled Floor

To deal with the cement I treated the Quarry tiles with neat Tile Doctor Acid Gel and left it to get to work on the cement for ten to fifteen minutes. I then ran over the floor with an abrasive 200 grit milling pad fitted to a weighted rotary floor buffer. This action loosened the cement so it could be removed although in some of the stubborn areas I had to use a little extra force with the careful application of a hammer and chisel. I also used handheld abrasive diamond encrusted blocks which came in very handy near the skirting boards and corners.

 

It took a lot of effort to get all the cement off the tiles, but they responded well to the treatment, and I could see the floor slowly transform in the process. A lot of water was used to provide lubrication and during rinsing for which I used a wet vacuum to extract the resultant slurry off the floor. The Acid Gel also removes old grout smears from the tile and neutralises any efflorescent salts in the floor which can be a problem with floors of this age with no damp proof membrane.

Sealing a 120-Year-Old Quarry Tiled Floor

The floor was left to dry off overnight and I came back a few days later to check the moisture levels in the floor with a damp meter. Unfortunately, the readings were still too high to apply a sealer, so I re-arranged my return. In fact, it took weeks for the moisture level to drop below 25% which was the minimum acceptable level before sealing.

The sealer I used on this floor was Tile Doctor Colour Grow. It's a fully breathable colour enhancing impregnating sealer that will cope with any damp moisture rising through the tile and being a colour enhancer really brought out the red and black colours in the tiles.

 

Whilst the sealer was drying, I painted the fireplace hearth with black paint, this really tied it in with the Black Quarry tiles and neatly finished off the appearance of the room. Needles to say by the time I had finished the floor it looked great, and my client was very happy with their newly restored Quarry tiled floor, so much so they took time to leave the following feedback which is always appreciated:

  "Within hours of sending in an enquiry on the tile doctor website I was contacted to say that the local rep would be in touch. Within another couple of hours, Kamila got in touch. Right from the start Kamila was accommodating to suit my needs, carrying out a trial 'out of hours' to suit me. Her communication was fantastic, regularly keeping me updated. She is a lovely lady who is trustworthy. I had to leave Kamila a few times and she locked up and posted the key as agreed. I am extremely pleased with the results of my refurbished quarry tiled floor, I never thought it would come up as well as it has done."

For aftercare cleaning I recommended they use the Tile Doctor Neutral Tile Cleaner. It is pH neutral tile cleaner that will not degrade the new sealer which is important as many supermarket cleaning products are simply too strong for use on sealed tiles. (Always check the label!)

 

Source: Tile Cleaning and Renovation Service in Cheadle Hulme Cheshire